Himalayan Mountain
The mountain chain, that have long been a physical and cultural divide between South and Central Asia, type the northern wall of the landmass, and their western ranges occupy the whole northern finish of Islamic Republic of Pakistan, extending concerning two hundred miles (320 km) into the country. Spreading over geographical region and northern Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the western Himalayan system splits into 3 distinct ranges, which are, from south to north, the Pir Panjal vary, the Zaskar vary, and therefore the Ladakh vary. Farther north is that the mountain range, that may be a separate system conterminous the mountain chain. This series of ranges varies in elevation from roughly thirteen,000 feet (4,000 metres) to on top of nineteen,500 feet (6,000 metres) on top of water level. Four of the region’s peaks exceed twenty six,000 feet (8,000 metres), and plenty of rise to heights of quite fifteen,000 feet (4,500 metres). These embody such soaring peaks as Nanga Parbat (26,660 feet [8,126 metres]) and mountain peak, conjointly known as Mount Godwin Austen (28,251 feet [8,611 metres]), in Gilgit-Baltistan.
Several necessary rivers ensue, or through, the mountains of geographical region into Islamic Republic of Pakistan. From the Pir Panjal vary flows the Jhelum watercourse (which bisects the far-famed natural depression of Kashmir); the {indus river|Indus|Indus watercourse|river} descends between the Zaskar and Ladakh ranges; and therefore the Shyok River rises within the mountain range. South of the Pir Panjal is that the northwestern extension of the Shiwalik vary (there rising to concerning 600 to 900 feet [200 to three hundred metres]), that extend over the southern a part of the Hazara and Murree hills and embody the hills encompassing metropolis and neighboring national capital.
Beyond the mountain range within the extreme north lies the Uygur Autonomous Region of province, China; to the northwest, on the far side the mountain range, area unit the Pamirs, wherever solely the Vākhān (Wakhan Corridor), a slender strip of Afghan territory, separates Islamic Republic of Pakistan from Tadjik. The Himalayan geological formation was perforated in 1970 once Chinese and Pakistani engineers completed the Mustagh Range route across the mountain range, linking the city of Gilgit in Gilgit-Baltistan with Kashgar (Kashi) in province. The route, a marvel of contemporary technology, carries hefty commerce between the 2 countries however has promoted very little cultural exchange.
The northern mountain barrier influences the precipitation pattern in Islamic Republic of Pakistan by intercepting monsoon (rain-bearing) winds from the south. Melting snow and glacial H2O from the mountains conjointly feed the rivers, as well as the Indus, that emerge from the east-west-aligned ranges to flow southward. Siachen ice mass, one in every of the world’s longest mountain glaciers, feeds the Nubra watercourse, a tributary of the Shyok. the numerous glaciers during this region, significantly those of the mountain range, area unit among the few within the world to possess grownup in size since the late twentieth century.
The northern and western regions of the country area unit subject to frequent unstable activity—the natural consequence of a geologically young mountain system. Minor earth tremors area unit common throughout the region. However, variety of earthquakes are severe and extremely damaging, given the very fact that several buildings area unit poorly made which those within the mountains area unit usually sharply perked up. traditionally recent major quakes in Islamic Republic of Pakistan embody those in 1935, 1945, 1974, and 2005. The latter 2 were within the so much north of the country, and therefore the 2005 quake—centred within the mountainous border region of the North-West Frontier Province (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) and Azad Kashmir—killed some eighty,000 to 90,000 folks and left the whole space destroyed.
The population during this inhospitable northern region is mostly thin, though during a few favoured places it's dense. In most of the little settlements of this region, the same old crop is barley; fruit cultivation, particularly apricots, is of special importance. Timber, principally species of pine, is found in some components, however its prevalence varies with precipitation and elevation. several slopes are denudate of canopy by excessive timber felling and overgrazing.
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